{"id":1259,"date":"2025-02-21T10:53:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T02:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpet.org.cn\/?p=1259"},"modified":"2025-03-17T11:08:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T03:08:29","slug":"research-25022101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpet.org.cn\/zh_cn\/2025\/02\/21\/research-25022101\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d8\u5bc6\u521b\u65b0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7F\u00b7\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\uff08Michael F. Joseph\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u5179\u5357\u65af\u57fa\uff08Michael Poznansky\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6218\u4e89\u5b66\u9662\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u4f5c\u6218\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u526f\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u539f\u6587\u6765\u6e90: <\/strong>Joseph, Michael F., and Michael Poznansky. &#8220;Secret Innovation.&#8221; International Organization 78, no. 4 (2024): 766\u2013799.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1a<\/strong>\u6731\u51ef\u6cfd\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5bfc\u8bfb\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u65b0\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6253\u7834\u90e8\u95e8\u58c1\u5792\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u2014\u5982\u536b\u661f\u3001\u9502\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u2014\u5374\u5f80\u5f80\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u4fdd\u5bc6\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u65e0\u5173\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u59d4\u6258-\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6210\u672c\u8f6c\u5ac1\u201d\u673a\u5236\u5e2e\u52a9\u63a8\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u529f\u7a81\u7834\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u900f\u660e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u56e0\u62c5\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\u800c\u56de\u907f\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4fdd\u5bc6\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u672c\u4ee5\u8bd5\u63a2\u6027\u63a8\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u670d\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u7684MKULTRA\u5fc3\u667a\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0eCORONA\u4fa6\u5bdf\u536b\u661f\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4fdd\u5bc6\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5927\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https:\/\/mmbiz.qpic.cn\/sz_mmbiz_png\/M12jofdyklsQBGB5hOBh15aHPDVvviaF2rC8iaG6glM4vibD4IdXLicqY62sT9h8Bltlcg5wybvxuiciaYtxJHcXO0YA\/640?wx_fmt=png\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>01<\/strong> <strong>\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff1a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6096\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5185\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u900f\u660e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u6253\u7834\u90e8\u95e8\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u7531\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u5374\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u60c5\u516d\u5904\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u5c01\u95ed\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u91cd\u5927\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08R\uff09\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u516c\u5f00\u6216\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8def\u5f84\u63a8\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff08D\uff09\u5219\u6839\u636e\u9884\u671f\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5f15\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u672c\uff08k_i\uff09\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72\u6210\u672c\uff08c_i\uff09\u523b\u753b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff1b\u6210\u672c\u5206\u644a\u7cfb\u6570\uff08x\u2208(0,1)\uff09\u91cf\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u56e0\u201c\u5408\u7406\u65e0\u77e5\u201d\uff08plausible deniability\uff09\u4ec5\u627f\u62c5\u90e8\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f53\u5f00\u653e\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u9884\u671f\u51c0\u6536\u76ca\uff08e\u2080\uff09\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u672c\uff08k_D\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8def\u5f84\u6210\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u62c5\u521d\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff08k_R\uff09\u63a8\u8fdb\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u82e5\u7ed3\u679c\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4ee5x\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u7eed\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u6613\u7acb\u9879\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>02<\/strong> <strong>\u6210\u672c\u8f6c\u5ac1\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u672c\u8f6c\u5ac1\uff08cost-passing\uff09\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u900f\u660e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9700\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5168\u5468\u671f\u98ce\u9669\u8d1f\u8d23\uff08\u5982\u516c\u4f17\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u6ee5\u7528\u6307\u63a7\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\u8003\u8651\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u89c4\u907f\u521d\u671f\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u62c5\u521d\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff08\u5982\u804c\u4e1a\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ffd\u8d23\uff09\u79d8\u5bc6\u63a8\u8fdb\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f85\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u8bc1\u636e\u540e\u518d\u4e89\u53d6\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u7f72\u6210\u672c\uff08\u5982\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8d44\u91d1\u6295\u5165\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u538b\u529b\uff09\u8f6c\u5ac1\u81f3\u673a\u6784\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fdd\u5bc6\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u7a81\u7834\u5f00\u653e\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u6280\u672f\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>03<\/strong> <strong>\u201c\u4e0d\u95ee\u4e0d\u8bf4\u201d\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u59d4\u6258-\u4ee3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u5229\u7528\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u63a8\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u76d1\u7763\u6210\u672c\u6781\u4f4e\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u82e5\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e86\u89e3\u9879\u76ee\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u9669\u8d1f\u5168\u8d23\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u5408\u7406\u65e0\u77e5\u201d\u65e2\u53ef\u5206\u4eab\u6210\u529f\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5728\u4e11\u95fb\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u4ee5\u201c\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u5206\u644a\u66f4\u5c11\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u95ee\u4e0d\u8bf4\u201d\uff08Don&#8217;t Ask, Don&#8217;t Tell\uff09\u5f0f\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u6653\u7814\u7a76\u8be6\u60c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u65f6\u673a\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u7eff\u706f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u63a2\u7d22\u5fc3\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u7814\u7a76MKULTRA\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u836f\u7269\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u64cd\u63a7\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u582a\u79f0\u5178\u8303\uff1a\u8d44\u91d1\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u672a\u8bb0\u8d26\u8d26\u6237\u201d\u62e8\u4ed8\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u652f\u51fa\u660e\u7ec6\uff1b\u4ec5\u6838\u5fc3\u56e2\u961f\u77e5\u6653\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c1973\u5e74\u4e11\u95fb\u7206\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u6208\u7279\u5229\u5e03\uff08Sidney 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